Buying cold storage as a facilities decision: why an ultra low temp freezer, an ultra low temperature freezer, an ultra low lab freezer and the ultra low temperature freezer manufacturers behind them are compared on heat rejection, power draw and alarm behaviour rather than on capacity, what a minus 20 freezer is and is not suitable for, where used chillers and a floor centrifuge impose the same siting questions about heat and vibration, and why the transfer plan for a failure is worth more than any specification on the door

Specifying and siting

1. Survey the room before choosing the unit. Heat rejection, power supply, floor loading and clearance for airflow and service. A unit installed in an unprepared room runs warm, fails early and warms everything around it.
2. Compare on alarm and recovery behaviour. How quickly the unit recovers after a door opening, what it does on a power interruption, and how the alarm reaches a person. These decide whether a failure becomes an incident.
3. Match the temperature to the material. Not everything needs the lowest temperature, and colder storage is more expensive to run and to maintain. Match the class of material to the temperature it actually requires.
4. Standardise the rack and box system. Usable capacity is set by the rack, box and tube format, not by internal volume. One system across the laboratory makes racks interchangeable and positions describable.
5. Write and rehearse the failure plan. Spare capacity to transfer into, dry ice on hand, a call list and a rehearsed procedure. A plan nobody has practised is discovered to be incomplete during the failure.
6. Split irreplaceable material across units and rooms. Two locations with independent power and alarms is the cheapest insurance available for a collection that cannot be remade.

The failure is the specification

Every unit works when new. What differs is how they behave when the compressor degrades, when the room is warm, when the door is left ajar and when power is interrupted, and those are the conditions under which collections are lost.

Ask each vendor what happens in each of those cases, and ask for the alarm configuration options in writing.

Monitoring is a record, not a light

Continuous logging with an auditable record is what lets you say what a sample experienced, which matters for anything that will be used in a regulated context or shared.

Choose a monitoring system that stores data independently of the unit, and review the excursions rather than only responding to alarms.

Common questions

What actually limits capacity?

The rack and box system and the index, not the internal volume. A standardised system with every position addressable gives far more usable capacity than a larger unit filled with mixed formats.

Do these units need a dedicated room?

They need a room that can take the heat and the power, with service clearance. Several units in an ordinary laboratory raise the ambient temperature enough to shorten the life of all of them.

What should the alarm do?

Reach a person who can act, at any hour, with an escalation if unanswered. An alarm that sounds in an empty building at the weekend has no value.

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